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Recently, the world of nephrology rejoiced at another “positive” trial in nephrology: Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) (
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome, which may present as a sub-nephrotic or nephrotic range proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. It is an immune-mediated glomerular disease that is pathologically characterized by glomerular intra-membranous and sub-epithelial immune complex deposits (immunoglobulin G4 [IgG4] and complement 3 [C3]) causing membrane thickening.
The pathophysiology of MN was first described by the Heymann nephritis rat model in 1959 (
Podocytopathies are a group of kidney diseases caused by direct or indirect injury to the glomerular podocytes, resulting in proteinuria. Examples of podocytopathies are minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) (
The unfolding story of COVID-19 in India has shown how a narrative can change quickly. It was only a few months ago that experts around the world were wondering what explained India's relatively cheap escape (until then) from the ravages of the COVID-19 pandemic. India is now back in the news, but this time, the reports are highlighting the utter collapse of the healthcare system, shortage of critical supplies and hospital beds, people dying on the curbsides, and striking images of over-busy cremation and burial grounds. Amid this chaos, care of patients with chronic illnesses like kidney diseases has been
Mineral bone disease (MBD) has proven to be a Pandora’s box for most clinicians treating chronic kidney disease (CKD), including end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although the body of literature highlighting the various bone metabolic abnormalities associated with ESKD as definite risk factors for mortality, cardiovascular disease, increased risk of fractures, and other musculoskeletal complications grows stronger, the therapeutic agents to deal with these abnormalities continue to keep us on edge (
Reasons for skepticism among nephrologists regarding novel drugs for MBD
In recent years, a few novel agents have
Traditionally, the field of hematology-oncology has elicited a feeling of despair and morbidity in many until a few years ago. However, with the growing advances in the field of oncology, there are a larger number of patients who are being diagnosed with cancers and an even larger number surviving cancer. With this change in the field of oncology, we—as nephrologists—encounter many patients who develop kidney diseases due to cancer or the therapy used for the treatment of cancer.
From electrolyte and acid-base imbalance to acute and chronic kidney disease, including glomerular diseases, nephrologists are seeing a growing number of patients
In 1914, Volhard and Fahr (
Novel biomarkers have been changing our understanding of glomerular disease physiology by improving our diagnostic and prognostic capabilities while opening the door to more precise therapeutic options. Most notably, the discovery of the anti-phospholipase receptor-2 antibody (anti-PLA2R Ab) in 2009 has facilitated diagnostic algorithms where some patients with high PLA2R titers may not need a kidney biopsy. Titer levels are followed clinically to monitor response to treatment and risk of relapse, whereas novel therapeutics are being developed to specifically inhibit presumed pathogenic properties of PLA2R Abs (
Nephrin, an important component of the slit diaphragm, has been one
