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In 1996, the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) was created by a multidisciplinary group of physicians with the support of the National Kidney Foundation. It was the first literature-based practice guideline and was developed with the hope of measurably improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes for dialysis patients. To achieve this objective, four work groups were created, one of which was dedicated to clinical practice guidelines related to vascular access for patients requiring hemodialysis (HD) (
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