• 1.

    Crowley MJ , et al.. Clinical outcomes of metformin use in populations with chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, or chronic liver disease: A systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166:191200.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 2.

    Chowdhury TA , et al.. Could metformin be used in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease? Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:156161.

  • 3.

    Lalau JD , et al.. Metformin and other antidiabetic agents in renal failure patients. Kidney Int 2015; 87:308322.

  • 4.

    Hung SC , et al.. Metformin use and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: national, retrospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:605614.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5.

    Sanchez-Rangel E , Inzucchi SE . Metformin: Clinical use in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:15861593.

  • 6.

    Bailey CJ . Metformin: historical overview. Diabetologia. 2017; 60:15661576.

  • 7.

    An H , He L . Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R97R106.

  • 8.

    Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998; 352:837853.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9.

    Introduction: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2019. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:S1S2.

  • 10.

    Holman RR , et al.. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:15771589.

  • 11.

    Foretz M , et al.. Metformin: From mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell Metab 2014; 20:953966.

  • 12.

    Inzucchi SE , et al.. Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: A systematic review. JAMA 2014; 312:26682675.

  • 13.

    Eurich DT , et al.. Comparative safety and effectiveness of metformin in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:395402.

Metformin: The Forgotten Agent

Clarissa Diamantidis Clarissa Jonas Diamantidis, MD, is a nephrologist affiliated with Duke University School of Medicine.

Search for other papers by Clarissa Diamantidis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access
Save